Regular reading for pleasure may be linked to slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of dementia in old age, according to researchers at the University of Cambridge. The findings come from a review of previous studies published in the journal Psychological Medicine.
Benefits starting in childhood
The researchers found that the benefits of reading appear as early as childhood. An analysis of data from more than 10,000 young people showed that children who began reading for pleasure at an early age later performed better on tasks involving memory, attention and executive function, did better academically, and had fewer mental health problems.
Effects seen in adults
Positive effects were also found among adults. Reading has been linked to reduced stress, improved concentration and greater empathy. In one study, just five minutes of reading fiction lowered stress levels by up to 20 percent.
Older adults and dementia risk
The benefits may be especially significant in old age. In a study of data from nearly 5,500 people over the age of 55, those who regularly took part in mentally stimulating activities, including reading, were less likely to develop cognitive impairment over the following five years. Another study linked reading books, newspapers and magazines to a 33 percent reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
How reading may protect the brain
Scientists believe reading continuously engages memory, language, attention and other cognitive functions. However, the study authors stressed that most of the available research shows an association rather than proof that reading directly prevents dementia.
The Cambridge researchers' review builds on earlier work examining how everyday habits affect long-term brain health. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, a condition marked by progressive memory loss and decline in thinking skills that predominantly affects older adults.
Separately, scientists have previously found that smoke from wildfires may contribute to neurodegeneration.
