Grapes and the bioactive compounds they contain may have a beneficial effect on processes linked to aging and the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, scientists reported in a study published in the journal Nutrients.
The researchers analyzed existing studies on grapes, grape juice, grape powder and extracts, as well as individual polyphenols found in them. They focused particularly on chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances and changes to gut microflora, processes that accompany aging and are linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
What the Research Showed
Experiments on cells and animals showed that grape compounds can reduce inflammatory activity, support the body's antioxidant defenses and have a positive effect on gut microflora, according to the study. In research involving human participants, some grape products were also associated with lower blood pressure, improved cholesterol levels and better vascular function, the scientists said.
In some trials involving older adults, researchers observed improvements in certain cognitive functions and in physical performance, according to the study.
Polyphenols Under the Spotlight
The scientists identified polyphenols, including resveratrol, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, as the main candidates responsible for these effects. Resveratrol is a compound also found in red wine that has long drawn scientific interest for its potential antioxidant properties, while anthocyanins are the pigments that give grapes and other fruits their red, purple and blue coloring.
The researchers cautioned that the most convincing evidence so far comes from laboratory studies and animal experiments, while results from human trials remain inconsistent.
Background on the Journal
Nutrients is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on nutrition and its effects on human health, covering topics ranging from dietary patterns to the biological effects of specific foods and compounds.
It was previously reported that cranberry extract may protect skin from changes caused by ultraviolet exposure.
