The State of Israel reaches the 75th anniversary of its creation without having yet normalized its situation in the environment to which it belongs, the Middle East, and, at the same time, with a huge internal crisis: “The president (Isaac Herzog) has come to say that there is a risk of civil war, of confrontation between Israelis“, explains Haizam Amirah Fernández, senior researcher on the Mediterranean and the Arab World at the Elcano Royal Institute. A situation caused by a lack of a “common vision on the nature of the State of Israel and on the future of Israeli society”, comments Amirah Fernández .

This identity conflict is understood by the trilemma that Israel has not yet resolved. “A trilemma is when there are three elements that cannot be combined and obtained at the same time. One must be discarded and the other two obtained,” analyzes Amirah Fernández. In the case of the State of Israel, the trilemma is that it cannot be, at the same time, a democratic state, a Jewish state and, in addition, have control of the Palestinian territories. According to Amirah Fernández, “Israel has to choose between being a democratic and Jewish state and, then, allowing the creation of a State of Palestine or, if it wants to be a Jewish state and have full control of the territories and the population, the most It is likely that it will cease to be a democratic state, as is increasingly being seen due to its performance in the occupied territories and towards the Palestinian population”.

In addition, the extremist drift of the Netanyahu government, accompanied by his controversial judicial reform, is bringing, week after week, hundreds of thousands of Israelis to the streets. “Netanyahu is a political survivor; he has allied himself with Israeli ultra-nationalists, who have plans to expel the Palestinian population and create a purely Israeli state, and ultra-Orthodox, religious Jews who want to impose Judaic Law on the entire population of Israel,” he says. Amirah Fernandez. For his part, former Israeli minister Shlomo Ben Ami, in a conversation with laSexta Noticias, warned of the danger of the annexation of Palestine to the State of Israel: “The Israeli right is annexationist, it is messianic, it lives in dangerous biblical fantasies; I think that The incorporation of Palestine into the State of Israel would create a South African reality, something akin to apartheid, and that was not the constituent idea of ​​this State.”

Ben Ami has just published, with the RBA publishing house, ‘Prophets without honor’, a book in which he reviews, analyzes and develops the alternatives that have existed throughout history to try to achieve peace between Israel and Palestine. “The peace proposals that have been put on the table, despite being imperfect, were the only ones possible,” acknowledges Ben Ami, who adds: “We have understood very well that without them there is no solution, as we are seeing today, and the parties will enter into endless cycles of wars and confrontation”. He is an authorized voice to speak about peace processes, since he was one of the protagonists in the Camp David negotiations in 2000, where the then Palestinian nationalist leader, Yasir Arafat, and the Israeli prime minister, Ehud Barak, did not they reached an agreement. “We had foreseen the tragedy that could happen if that imperfect peace was not assumed, if it was not accepted,” explains Ben Ami, according to whom Arafat rejected the options put forward by the Israeli side.

The former diplomat, now vice president of the Toledo International Center for Peace, maintains in his book the thesis that the coexistence of two states, one Israeli and one Palestinian, would no longer be feasible: “In my opinion, there is no political context, either in Palestine or in the Israeli side, that allows us to return to those peace proposals of the past,” says Ben Ami. Neither the Jewish right, in favor of annexation, nor the centre-left, which would previously bet on the unilateral withdrawal of the occupied territories, would now consider negotiating in favor of the coexistence of two States. Furthermore, according to Shlomo Ben Ami, the existing fragmentation among the Palestinians will not allow it either. “Not even Gaza itself is united among its factions; today there is a war between Israel and the Islamic jihad, but the ruler in Gaza is Hamas and Hamas is not participating in the war, strange, right? That is the fragmentation,” Ben Ami explains. , and adds: “Then there is another fragmentation between Gaza, which is Islamist, and the PLO in the West Bank, which is supposedly secular, secular, and whose leader, Mahmoud Abbas, has no aspiration of entering into negotiations.”

To this we should add, according to Ben Ami, that the creation of a State of Palestine has never been an end in itself for the Palestinian national movement. The former Israeli minister, who also served as Israel’s ambassador to Spain, assures that the end of the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories is necessary, “but it does not necessarily mean the creation of a Palestinian state.” For starters, he says, Israel’s withdrawal must not be a unilateral withdrawal, “because it’s going to create chaos when we get out of there, like we’re seeing in Gaza,” so it must be negotiated, he says. And, given the lack of a negotiator on the Palestinian side, he proposes creating a Jordanian-Palestinian confederation: “You have to have two States: one that is the State of Israel. more or less around the 1967 borders, with agreed readjustments , and the rest must be a Jordanian-Palestinian state, where there is an affinity of collective memory, a historical affinity”, affirms Ben Ami, who concludes his reasoning thus: “I believe that an effort must be made, in a new opportunity there is to negotiate peace, open the map, not to negotiate Israel-West Bank, but to negotiate in three parts: Israel, the West Bank and the Kingdom of Jordan”.