After various discussions at international forums based on scientific reports under the auspices of the UN and other organizations active in the field of climate change, there is no doubt that the agricultural activity, both business and family, technical or not, is seriously affected, because weather changes do not discriminate against crops; The production sector, the guarantor of food security, has no alternative but to effectively adapt to continuous natural atmospheric changes that could be summed up in the constant presence of unpleasant temperature increases, together with intense rains with indefinite periods of oppressive droughts.

In these unavoidable circumstances, agricultural planning must be carried out taking into account the environment of strong and prolonged heat waves, with a record of environmental humidity, from which Ecuador will not escape, which is why it is imperative to initiate consistent improvement plans. until you have vegetables that adapt or resist climate fluctuations that will vary between hyperthermic environments, sudden falls, unexpected rains or out-of-season rains, with severe droughts. This would be possible by resorting to variants obtained in artificial media that simulate these realities, to be later confirmed in the field.

Colombia and Honduras have advanced in research results in this way, so much so that the Central American nation exhibits beans that grow in unfavorable circumstances, but are tolerant of these anomalies, valued as essential to the popular diet. Similarly, our neighbor Colombia is carrying out cross-breeding projects between the common bean and a similar and wild desert-adapted species known as the tépari bean, which developed in Sonora, Mexico, where it has developed physiological mechanisms to tolerate heat.

Experts have clearly established the impact of climate change on food security and the well-being of the population, hindering agricultural growth, reducing calorie consumption per capita and worsening the figures for alleged child malnutrition in Latin America, which countries must take as an absolute priority. a national climate change adaptation plan, now exacerbated by the El Niño phenomenon, with comfortable funding, which has become a key aspect of government agendas.

Investments in agricultural productivity and research must be increased, and agricultural extension programs must be re-founded, improving the collection, dissemination and analysis of global and regional climate statistics, estimating that to achieve this goal, allocations in Latin American countries of an amount no less of $7,000 million per year, not taking into account the increases that would result from the impact of the influential El Niño and La Niña currents, indicated as a very certain possibility during the second half of 2023, a figure that matches the value of the damage caused by the event to the Andean countries in 1997 . and 1998 (O)